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White R&D 100 Awards logo on a dark green background. A digital illustration showing a strand of DNA (red and blue) wrapped around histone proteins (gray). The DNA strand comprising each chromosome is tightly packed into clusters of wrapped histones to compress the long molecule and streamline separation of copied chromosomes during cell replication. The strand is carefully unwound by different enzymes, including TIP60, to make it accessible for duplication and gene expression. (Credit:Wirestock Creators/Shutterstock) Collage of PDG's 'Review of Particle Physics' presentations in print and online, with sample code labeled PDG API in the center, on a blue background. Scientist Jacklyn Gates at the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator used to separate atoms of element 116, livermorium. A chrome-colored methane storage tank featuring the Mango Materials logo rises above a rooftop, with a cloudy blue sky and rainbow in the background. This image shows the cobalt defect fabricated by the study team. The green and yellow circles are tungsten and sulfur atoms that make up a 2D tungsten disulfide sample. The dark blue circles on the surface are cobalt atoms. The lower-right area highlighted in blue-green is a hole previously occupied by a sulfur atom. The area highlighted in reddish-purple is a defect—a sulfur vacancy filled with a cobalt atom. The scanning tunneling microscope (gray) is using electric current (light blue) to measure the defect’s atomic-scale properties. Close-up of almond shells Jen Wacker processes a sample of actinium at Berkeley Lab. Two smiling people in blue lab coats and safety glasses. The person on the right has their arm raised in the center of the frame presenting a nickel-sized sample. 2024 Cyclotron Road fellows: (top row) Mert Akin, Rakki Chandran, Rushin Contractor; (second row) Gabriella Dweck, Nosa Edoimioya, Advait Holkar, Nikita Khlystov; (third row) Hitesh Manglani, Pauliina Meskanen, Carla Pinzon; (fourth row) Kelly Redmond, Nicholas Sarai, John Slack, Nate Weger. The SOAR Telescope on Cerro Pachon in Chile. A woman, left, and a man look at visual data on several monitors with components of an electron microscope nearby.