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A person in protective gear descending the stairs next to LZ's central detector, the time projection chamber, in a surface lab clean room before delivery underground. Wind turbine at sunrise with sunflowers in the foreground. Daniela Leitner, a person with short brown hair wearing a white cardigan over a blue top and a gold necklace, photographed outdoors. A digital illustration of light green rod-shaped bacteria floating in front of an uneven dark green surface suggestive of the gut lining. Kristin Persson holding a molecule model. Two scientists in hard hats working on the 2x2 prototype detector for the DUNE near detector. White R&D 100 Awards logo on a dark green background. A digital illustration showing a strand of DNA (red and blue) wrapped around histone proteins (gray). The DNA strand comprising each chromosome is tightly packed into clusters of wrapped histones to compress the long molecule and streamline separation of copied chromosomes during cell replication. The strand is carefully unwound by different enzymes, including TIP60, to make it accessible for duplication and gene expression. (Credit:Wirestock Creators/Shutterstock) Collage of PDG's 'Review of Particle Physics' presentations in print and online, with sample code labeled PDG API in the center, on a blue background. Scientist Jacklyn Gates at the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator used to separate atoms of element 116, livermorium. A chrome-colored methane storage tank featuring the Mango Materials logo rises above a rooftop, with a cloudy blue sky and rainbow in the background. This image shows the cobalt defect fabricated by the study team. The green and yellow circles are tungsten and sulfur atoms that make up a 2D tungsten disulfide sample. The dark blue circles on the surface are cobalt atoms. The lower-right area highlighted in blue-green is a hole previously occupied by a sulfur atom. The area highlighted in reddish-purple is a defect—a sulfur vacancy filled with a cobalt atom. The scanning tunneling microscope (gray) is using electric current (light blue) to measure the defect’s atomic-scale properties.